Jetblue Airways Corporation s Executive Officer Essay

JetBlue Airways Corporation is one of the few American low-cost airline and the 5th largest airline in the United States. JetBlue carries more than 35 customers each year to 96 cities in the U.S., Caribbean and Latin America with an average of 925 flights. JetBlue Airways Corporation is a publicly traded company. The top 5 shareholders are Dave Barger, Joe Clinton Peterson, Robin Hayes, Mark Powers and Frank Sica accordingly. Dave Barger is the largest shareholder with approximately 860, 000 shares as of March 15, 2015 and the former chief executive officer (CEO) of JetBlue. Joe Clinton Peterson is the second largest shareholder with roughly 610,000 shares owned. Peterson, is the CEO and founder of Peterson Partners LP, a private equity firm. Robin Hayes, is the current CEO of JetBlue having replaced Barger in 2015 and he also sits in the company’s board of directors. Hayes, position owned 360,000 shares as of July 6 2016 making him third-largest shareholder. Mark Powersâ€⠄¢ is JetBlue’s chief financial officer (CFO), his position nearly 190,000 shares the fourth-largest shareholder. He has been with the company since 2006 following his appointment as JetBlue’s treasurer. Frank Sica, has been the Vice chairman of JetBlue’s board of directors since 1998. He approximately owned 91,000 shares as of February 21, 2016 making him the fifth-largest shareholder. JetBlue Airways headquarters, 2701 Queens Plz N, Long Island City, NY 11101 is the location of the world headquarters.Show MoreRelatedJetBlue Airlines Case Analysis7061 Words   |  29 PagesJetBlue Airlines Strategic Management Case Analysis Introduction to the Company History of the Firm JetBlue was established in 1999, and was the third airline start-up for founder and CEO David Neeleman. Neeleman managed to gather $130 million, the most ever raised for a start-up airline, from investors that included Chase Capital and financier George Soros. With the large start-up capital he purchased new Airbus A320 jets equipped with satellite TV, a first in the industry. In 2004 theRead MoreBest Practice Companies: Training in the Airline Industry5597 Words   |  23 PagesIncreasingly, managers and leaders realize that the key to business growth and success is through developing the skills and knowledge of its workforce. The best practice companies we observed included Southwest Airlines, Jetblue, British Airways, Singapore Airlines, and Virgin Atlantic Airways; all of which have made it on the Fortune 500 list of â€Å"Most admired Companies†. We came to the conclusion that these five airlines can be seen as best practice companies in the field of training, due to th eir dedicationRead MoreJetblue Airways Starting from Scratch8436 Words   |  34 Pagesstart with a billion dollars and launch a new airline: -Richard Branson, Founder, Virgin Analyst Atlantic Airways Keep an eye on ]etBlue. 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Kelleher hiredRead MoreJetblue-Case Study3327 Words   |  14 PagesSample Essay: Jet Blue Airways: Starting From Scratch Three National Equal Employment Opportunities Laws Jet Blue Airways was established to adhere to corporate values of safety, caring, integrity, fun, and passion (Gittel O’Reilly, 2001).   These values, in turn, became the basis for the human resources policies and procedures established by the company.   As a player in the highly service-oriented airline industry, the company’s commitment to its corporate values has enabled it to adhere to severalRead MoreSouthwest Airlines1346 Words   |  6 Pages| 2012 | | Southwest Airlines Megan Wilson | [The Future of Southwest airlines] | Good Evening board members and staff, I am Megan Wilson, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of your company, Southwest Airlines. We have gathered here this evening to take a look at the current position of our company, how we are measuring up to our competition, and what I am proposing we do to continue our success within our future. First I will start off with the mission of our airlines, as many of youRead MoreJetblue3939 Words   |  16 PagesJetBlue Questions for Discussion 1. Give examples of needs, wants, and demands that JetBlue customers demonstrate, differentiating these three concepts. What are the implications of each for JetBlue’s practices? * First of all people who go to an airline are because they have the need to travel, which the main feature is. Inducing the consumer or person, as their main need. * JetBlue customers to contract your travel company this time JetBlue, wanted a good service duringRead MoreSouthwest Airlines : Strategic Analysis2245 Words   |  9 PagesStrategies methods of analysis. Lastly a recommendation will be presented for the firm on for the problem statement of expansion. Keywords: Southwest Airlines, airlines, Kelleher, King, Kellyâ€Æ' Southwest Airlines Gary Kelly, the current Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Southwest Airlines stated â€Å"Our people are our single greatest strength and most enduring long term competitive advantage†; Kelly is also the Chairman of the Board and President (Southwest Airlines, 2014b, page 1). This statement directRead MoreSouthwest Airlines11551 Words   |  47 PagesCEO’s job to a successor, and a series of government directives that made it increasingly difficult for Southwest to implement an operating strategy that had differentiated it from its competition. As Colleen Barrett, president and chief operating officer, put it at one gathering of the top management team, â€Å"Recent events have made it increasingly difficult to live up to the promise to customers in our ads that ‘You are now free to move about the country.’† Changes in the airline operating environmentRead MoreBusiness Plan of Skytrails Airline, Ltd.14517 Words   |  59 Pagesproposition in the mar kets it serves. It will offer customers a compelling value proposition: a high level of service and comfort at 50 percent of the current published business-class fare. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE COMPANY REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT MARKET ANALYSIS FINANCIALS APPENDIX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose Having successfully raised  £1.3 million from angel investors, SkyTrails is now looking to raise  £25 million from investors who are interested in the opportunity presented

The Distributive Justice Theory Of John Rawls - 1391 Words

Inequality and inefficiency are universal issues plaguing society that countless economists have attempted to understand and address. Distinguished economists such as John Rawls, Amartya Sen, Robert Nozick, and Milton Friedman have developed their own theories of to achieve distributive justice, or a fair allocation of resources for all members of society. In Rawls’ justice as fairness and Sen’s capability theory, the economists come closest to achieving plans of distributive justice that retain the output-promoting effects of compensating differentials and recognizing the costs of Okun’s leaky bucket, but a plan that retains Rawls’ social contract and Sen’s capability focus would come closest to achieving justice. The distributive justice theory of John Rawls concerns justice as fairness. In his theory, Rawls defines justice as demanding equality, unless inequality makes the least advantaged person better off. Rawls proposes two major principles of justice: (1) that each person should have the same equal right to basic liberties and (2) that social and economic inequalities are attached to positions and offices open to all under equality of opportunity and are to the benefit of the least advantaged group of society. This theory is determined by a social contract that assumes there is a natural state on which people will agree based on moral equality. In this social contract, all members wear a veil of ignorance through which they do not know anything about their ownShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Justice and the Good1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationship between justice and the good is and has been debated for thousands of years between many intelligent philosophers. Many theorists have attempted to to explain the exact characteristics and outline a moral distribution of possessions. From just after the First World War to present day, liberal perspectives emerged and flourished across a variety of ideological th eories and continue to influence political thinking in regards to rights, equality and freedom. With this emergence cameRead MoreJohn Rawls s Theory Of Justice1471 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Rawls â€Å"A Theory of Justice.† John Rawls was an American political and moral philosopher. Rawls attempts to determine the principles of social justice. In this essay, I will elucidate John Rawls’ views on forming a social contract, the counter-arguments against Rawls’ theory and finally the state of debate on the counter-arguments. John Rawls set out on his discussion on justice and fairness in his book A Theory of Justice 1971. Rawls theory describes a society with free citizens holding equalRead MoreDemocracy And The Problem Of Distributive Justice1443 Words   |  6 PagesDemocracy and the Problem of Distributive Justice The preliminary point into an inquiry of distributive justice is to disconnect the conjunction of â€Å"distributive,† and â€Å"justice†. For the purpose of this essay, I will inherit and accept John Rawls explanation of justice from A Theory of Justice. â€Å"Justice,† according to Rawls, â€Å"is the first virtue of social institutions.† Therefore, from a societal perspective, justice as the first virtue negates the utilitarian maxim that a loss of freedom forRead MoreTypes of Justice as Outlined in the Ralsian Theory1671 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is another important ethical standard. Justice involves protecting individual rights, or preventing an injustice to an individual. Justice also requires us to compare cases to avoid discriminating or treating people differently who are alike in relevant respects. Succinctly, it means treating people fairly. Issues involving questions of justice and fairness are usually divided into three categories, that of distributive justice, retributive justice and compensatory justice. DistributiveRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Social Justice1507 Words   |  7 Pagesfairness, and equal distribution are concepts that are embedded in social justice. Individuals living in harmony for mutual benefit living in a state of society are set out by social contract. This paper will firstly show, the background of the philosophy of social justice. Then it will focus on John Rawls Theory of Justice. Secondly, It addresses the stages of the Theory of Justice, It then historical nature of social justice in conjunction with western philosophy. Lastly it will look at the diversityRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of the Philosophical Works of Robert Nozick and John Rawls1598 Words   |  6 Pagesby Robert Nozick and John Rawls, both of whom value liberty as the first principle of justice. In their specific arguments for this viewpoint, however the two philosophers diverge significantly, with Rawls focusing on the collective principle in terms of equality and justice, while Nozick focu ses on the individual right and historical principle and its role in this right. Specifically, Nozicks argument is that there cannot be patterned formulations of distributive justice in a world where trueRead MoreUniversalism And Relativism Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe concepts of Universalism and Relativism are fundamental to Justice Studies insofar as the perceptions of justice/injustice heavily rely on either one of these points of view. To be sure, Universalism considers everything is equal in its natural state. Conversely, the concept of Relativism (the antithesis of Universalism) posits that everything is variable, or, situational. â€Å"The universalistic conception of distributive justice, rules are held to be just and unalterable regardless of contextRead MorePolitical And Economic Theory Is An Often Contentious Subject1582 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical and economic theory is an often contentious subject as it relates to how much interference governments should be allowed when it comes to rights and welfare of the public. One of the most de bated topics asks the question â€Å"is it a part of the government s role to take wealth away from the rich to give to the poor?† John Rawls and Robert Nozick offer two differing theories about the role of government in distributing wealth. John Rawls argues that a just society must have equal rights forRead MoreThe s Views On Distributive Justice And Justice1527 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the world’s history there has been a hierarchy in regards to how justice works in a town, community, province, cities, and countries. Justice to this day still varies depending on where you are. This is even seen in the many states within America. Many of our great ancestors have attempted to figure out the best way to run a country going over several different forms of laws and procedures to make America what it represents, equal equality, a melting pot for all people, age, race, colorRead MoreJustice Means Equality For Equals And Inequality For Unequal s Equality1593 Words   |  7 PagesC.S Lewis once said â€Å"justice means equality for equals and inequality for unequal’s† . To interpret this quote we must first define what justice really means. Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves . The quote by C.S Lewis states that even though rules and regulation are made for all individuals, in one way or another difference are still made between societies and no one is known about it. In other word, those who are always treated equal, will continue to be treated equally and

Thomas Hardy Biography Free Essays

string(44) " the Victorian patriarchy requires to men \." Thomas Hardy, one of the few writers to succeed as both, a major novelist and a poet. He is best known for his beautiful but often harsh portrayal of the rural England, set in around his beloved Wessex. The Mayor Of Casterbridge,† deserves our attention, because it presents masculinity and femininity of characters in the work from the feminist point of view, compared with the traditional criticism. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considering the importance of the relation of man and woman in the work, this criticism is significant in that it turns the focus of Hardy’s criticism into one of his important aspects, namely, masculinity and femininity, which has been neglected by almost all critics. Whatever Hardy’s intention of this work might be, however, it is certain that this work demonstrates the panorama of how characters are influenced, distorted, and destroyed by the Victorian patriarchy. That is to say, all major characters?not only women (Susan, Lucetta, and Elizabeth-Jane), but also men (Henchard and Donald Farfrae)?suffer from the Victorian patriarchy, whether they are conscious of it or not. It is difficult to jump to the conclusion that his aim of this work is to delineate the tragedy of men and women under the Victorian patriarchy. However, one of the most important aspects of this work is to illuminate character’s relationship with the Victorian patriarchy. It is evident in that the wife-selling in the first chapter determines the destinies of all characters throughout the work. Hardy, by giving the place and situation, allows them the freedom and strength to display their personal feelings, to secure themselves, and to make their own choices within the Victorian conventions. Henchard is depicted as an embodiment of traditional values and traditional man of Victorian society and he is very distinctly put against the chief female characters that represent the possibilities for women in Victorian society. The transition of the female characters from simple everyday characters of Victorian period to self conscious and responsive women shows that Hardy was aware of the shifting world- a world that was processing elements of both the Victorian and modern times. The search for an ideal relationship which was so common during Victorian age is overtly redefined from a new perspective through the major female characters. We may take a note of Hardy’s comment on â€Å"The Mayor of Casterbridge† which he made on January 2, 1886, the day when the novel began in the ‘Graphic newspaper’, and ‘Harper’s Weekly’: â€Å"..after all it is not the improbabilities of the incidents but the improbabilities of the characters that matter†.(Nemesvari 60) But we find that the improbabilities in the women characters are equally evident as in the character of Henchard. In â€Å"The Mayor Of Casterbridge†, Thomas Hardy attempts to make Victorian society more aware of its treatment and attitude towards women and he has successfully affected this objective through the chief female characters—Susan, Elizabeth and Lucetta to a great extent. Thus by giving the place and situation, Hardy allows them the freedom and strength to display their personal feelings, to secure themselves, and to make their own choices within the Victorian conventions. Research Questionnaire What is Gender Roles? What is the impact of gender roles in human society? How Patriarchal culture effects gender roles in Victorian society? Why Thomas Hardy sketches same sexes with multiple gender roles? Research Metodology The novel The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy has been selected for the study. The research is going to use the Gender Deconstruction and Gender Performances as a tool. The research is qualitative and the primary source is text of the novel and the secondary sources are articles, online journal, library etc. Literature Review Literature is always open for the interpretations and analyses of researchers and critics. These interpretations make a piece of literature genuine and interesting. The critical works also pave ways for other researchers. Therefore, no literary work can be treated in isolation. When we study the critique about Hardy’s works, we come to know that many researchers and critics have discussed many aspects of the Hardy’s novels. They have discussed Hardy’s themes, characters, ideas and his philosophy of life. Similarly many modern literary theories are being applied on the work of Hardy. For instance Jung-Sun Choi says â€Å"Thomas Hardy’s The Mayor Of Casterbridge (1886) has been criticized in two directions, the universal and the particular. The first examines the place of the individual life in a hostile or indifferent world, its destiny and limitation, broadly speaking, man’s place in Nature. Thus, it focuses on the concepts such as coincidence, nature, destiny, and cosmic irony in relation with Hardy’s pessimism. The second investigates the aspect that each character is the product of social and economic conditions, specifically, that of the Dorset region in England during industrialization. It delves into how characters are constructed, influenced by this specific region.(Jhung-Sun Choi 55) Interestingly, Hardy’s depiction of male characters also illuminates how they are the victims never the beneficiaries of Victorian patriarchy in The Mayor Of Casterbridge. The most typical example is portrayed in Henchard’s case. In the beginning of the novel, he is revealed as the perfect agent of the Victorian patriarchy. His relationship with his wife appears only as the relationship between a lord and a slave. He speaks to his wife only when he needs to, and he avoids all possible conversations by reading or pretending to read. Furthermore, in order to confirm his ownership to her, he sometimes threatens her that he will sell her. At last such relationship between them reaches its climax in his wife-selling in Weydon Fair-field. By selling his wife with his daughter, he blandishes his patriarchal power over her. But ironically, it eventually causes his consecutive catastrophes. Henchard symbolizes the Victorian patriarchal ideology in the work in that he completely leads his life the Victorian patriarchy demands of men. It is no coincidence that he indulges himself only in searching after financial success and title, the â€Å"mythology of manliness† that the Victorian patriarchy requires to men . You read "Thomas Hardy Biography" in category "Papers"He achieves these things through male competition in that time. But coincidentally, his success leads to his loneliness because what he wants is only a â€Å"greedy exclusiveness†. Furthermore, he fails to make true relationship with others because he continues to show â€Å"the tendency to domineer† Pallavi Gupta states in her research thesis â€Å"In the novel, The Mayor Of Casterbridge, Hardy presents Michael Henchard as ‘a man of character’ while throughout the novel Henchard commits a number of blunders. Hardy puts two characters in front of us– Michael Henchard and Donald Farfrae. By using this technique of showing the actions of his characters, Hardy proves that even an uneducated man may be a man of character. He draws a line between ‘education and qualification’, and instead of introducing his main character by his name, he gives a detailed description of Michael Henchard’s personality to show that it is the personality of Henchard that matters more than the name he has. Hardy tries to prove that a lot of the bad stuff that happens to Henchard is a result of his natural personality, which he really cannot change. That is a convincing way of Hardy to introduce the main character of his novel. Moreover, it goes along with the novel’s title because the novel is not named Michael Henchard but The Mayor Of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character. Throughout the novel Hardy tries to have a balance in Henchard’s character because Henchard is something between ‘a Man’ and ‘a Mayor’.(Gupta 288) Tazir Hussain in his work â€Å"The Mayor Of Casterbridge†: Attitude toward Changes and Challenges of Social Conventions’ examines the position of women in the 19th century was a critical one. The society was governed in the patriarchal mode. The public sphere was not accessible to women as it was to men. Various kinds of limitations were imposed on women’s conducts especially in the fields of law, education and even on lifestyle. Again, side by side, there were various positive changes taking place around that time. For example, the Married Women’s Property Act was passed in 1870 which protected the legal position of women within the family. The 19th century was also important as a time when feminist campaigns to improve the legal status of women were undertaken in areas such as vote, the family and reproduction. Much have been said and written about the representation of women characters in Hardy’s novel. The scope of this subject is broad. â€Å"Character is Fate† (Hardy 112), but Henchard’s character demands an understanding of the other characters in relation to him, because it’s not Henchard’s character alone that brings in his tragic end. It’s the character of the people as a whole that surround him and their responses to his life and death that probably goes up to make his fate. Let me begin from the moment when Susan returns with her grown up daughter Elizabeth Jane. This Susan who comes after a long gap of 18 years is a different Susan. She is no more that Susan who somewhat excitedly left Henchard 18 years ago because of his senseless announcement of selling her. She is now endowed with a personal will, feelings and aspirations. On her first meeting with Henchard right after her arrival, she says â€Å"O Michael!†¦ I meet you now only as his widow. I consider myself that, and that I have no claim upon you. Had he not died I should never have come—never! Of that you may be sure.† (Hardy 71) Her self-assertion is very remarkable. It tells so much about the changed and confident Susan. At the same time, the implicit sense of detachment that she creates between herself and Henchard that she is no more dependent on anybody even after Newson’s death is mistaken by Henchard. He says: â€Å"It’s only that which makes me feel’ee an innocent woman.†(Hardy 71) But Susan is not that innocent woman who let her husband to sell her.   She is different now who goes on asserting her new strength that she has gained over the years. She also gained enough experiences to realize the attempt of intimacy shown by Henchard. She separates herself from that and says that she came to see Hnechard and that she will go away with her daughter at once if he wants them to. Here we must remember that Susan’s primary aim was to secure a safe shelter for her daughter and herself, and she was aware of Henchard’s emotions and impulsive nature very well. Henchard, by now, recognized the new confidence in Susan. He replies to her: â€Å"No, no Susan, you are not to go†¦ I have thought of this plan that you and Elizabeth take a cottage in the town†¦that I meet you, court you and marry you†¦and I should have the pleasure of seeing my only child under my roof as well as my wife.† (Hardy 71) Once she becomes assured of Henchard’s politeness, then only she reveals her intention of coming to Casterbridge. She tells Henchard: â€Å"I come here only for the sake of Elizabeth, for myself, if you tell me to leave again tomorrow morning, and never come near you more. I am content to go† (Hardy 72) Henchard doesn’t want her to go away and thus Susan secures her daughter first and then herself in the hands Henchard. Dale Kramer, in his â€Å"Thomas hardy: The Forms of Tragedy†, discusses this turn of events from Henchard’s perspective. He suggests that Henchard remarries Susan not for renewed love but because of a sense of obligation, duty and rightness. Kramer may be right in his observation, but it is also important to explore the nature of obligation and rightness on the other side, that is on the side of Susan. Susan admits that she had entered the situation solely for the sake of her daughter’s reputation. She expresses her indifference to Henchard although implicitly. Henchard, on the other hand, has to bow down or come to a certain sort of compromise leaving his â€Å"rule o’ thumb† (Hardy 50) status. It is also interesting to know how Elizabeth becomes the central point of Henchard’s and Susan’s discussion. All precautions are taken by Henchard and Susan so that her sentiments remain unhurt. The public auctioning of Susan has now become a private matter. Henchard fights hard to keep it a secret. This becomes a responsibility on Henchard. The creation of such sensibility in Henchard is a sole credit of Susan. It is she who sows the responsibility in Henchard and keeps it alive in him through her speeches. But this sense she creates in him seems to be enveloped with a kind of selfishness which is carried to a certain extreme where Henchard’s emotional need is completely forgotten. Henchard receives no or little response from Susan, except the fatal lie that Elizabeth is not his daughter, but of Newson. But, there is no denying to the fact that Susan’s primary concern was the safe future of her daughter, and moreover, we must admit that she was honest in her confession, although she deliberately reveals it late to Henchard because she wanted no harm to the sentiments and feelings of either of them. Hardy, by giving the place and situation, allows them the freedom and strength to display their personal feelings, to secure themselves, and to make their own choices within the Victorian conventions. Henchard is depicted as an embodiment of traditional values and traditional man of Victorian society and he is very distinctly put against the chief female characters that represent the possibilities for women in Victorian society. The transition of the female characters from simple everyday characters of Victorian period to self conscious and responsive women shows that Hardy was aware of the shifting world- a world that was processing elements of both the Victorian and modern times. The search for an ideal relationship which was so common during Victorian age is overtly redefined from a new perspective through the major female characters. Julie C. Suk in his thesis The Moral and Legal Consequences of Wife-Selling in The Mayor Of Casterbridge, delineates what kind of man sells his wife? Thomas Hardy’s The Mayor Of Casterbridge opens with a famous episode in which a poor hay trusser, Michael Henchard, sells his wife, Susan, by impulsively putting her up for auction in a public market. Susan is purchased by a sailor, with whom she departs and subsequently lives as husband and wife. Subtitled â€Å"The Life and Death of a Man of Character,† the novel presents itself as a study of the flawed, complex, and ultimately tragic moral character of the man who sold his wife. His essay interprets the novel’s account of the moral consequences of the wife-sale in The Mayor Of Casterbridge, by examining the shifting legal and social meanings of the practice in nineteenth century Britain. The novel exploits uncertainty about the legal consequences of wife-selling to generate its moral tragedy. Andri Hermansyah, Analysis on Tragic Character In The Mayor of Casterbridge, stated that, the unit analysis of this study is Thomas Hardy’s novel. The objective of the study on this thesis is to find out how Henchard as tragic character is presented in the novel and how overwhelming pride leads to his downfall. The collected data is qualitatively analyzed using the theory of tragic character. After collecting and analyzing the data, the writer concludes that Thomas Hardy presents Henchard’s rise and fall. Hardy introduces Henchard as nobody. He undergoes a change from being nobody to become somebody because of his hard work, his success in persuading Farfrae to become his employee and his ability to abstain from drinking alcohol. Yet, Henchard’s success does not last long. He turns back from somebody to nobody because of his judgement errors and his poor personality that lead him to the fall. After discussing the views of various writers about Hardy’s work, it can be concluded that the idea of Gender Trouble has not been explored by other researchers. Thus the research would attempt to fill this gap by applying the theory of Gender Trouble upon Hardy’s novel Mayor of Casterbridge. How to cite Thomas Hardy Biography, Papers

Information System Intelligence and Database Technologies

Question: Describe about the Information System for Intelligence and Database Technologies. Answer: Data Management, Data Mining, and Data Warehousing Data management is defined as the execution and development processes, policies, and procedures for data processing management. The data processing includes data mining and warehousing. These two are helps in management of big data. Data mining consist of collection of huge amount of information and databases for data management (Joseph, 2013). It helps in extracting the data useful on a specific database for easing the data warehousing process. Data warehousing is collection and process of data extracted from the data mining. It would help in managing the comprehensive database for supporting the data analytics (Han, Pei Kamber, 2011). Elements of the planning process, common management and governance Elements of Data management, data warehousing and data mining The elements of data management, data warehousing and data mining are data description, format of data, access and sharing, existing data and storage and security. Some other important elements consist of responsibility, intellectual rights of property, archive, and preservation. All these elements are responsible for forming a sync with the data management, mining and warehousing (Vucevic Yaddow, 2012). Role of Data Management, Data Mining, and Data Warehousing in Governance The data management, data mining and data warehousing would help the government in various processes such as managing the data of the federal employees, assisting them in their billing department, designing plans using electronic system aided programs, and identifying the non revenue products for classifying them. The government had used these technologies for maintaining the database of states (Ruppert, 2012). Elements of strategic planning for data management, mining and warehousing The elements of strategic planning for data management, mining and warehousing are achievement of the performance targets for data operations, increasing the productivity of the operations, achievement of the sustainable competition advantage, and satisfying customers (Roelofs et al. 2013). These elements are essential features of data management, mining and warehousing planning process. Information management and information security and assurance Information management and information security and assurance Information management can be defined as the process of management of information and data (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). The information management deals with the process of information management using any database system. The security and assurance is the process of protecting outside unauthorized access in the database of the information system. (McNurlin, Sprague Bui, 1989). However, the security and assurance of information system would result in increasing the efficiency of the information management. The management and security assurance of the information combined would result in effective information system (Schwalbe, 2015). Elements of the planning process, common management and governance Elements of Information management and Information security and assurance According to McNurlin Sprague and Bui (1989), the elements of information management and security assurance are confidentiality, integrity, availability, utility, and authenticity. These elements are useful for management of information system and maintenance of the security and assurance of information. Role of Information management and Information security and assurance in Governance The information management and security assurance has helped government in making a database for all the private and confidential information. The government had to deal with huge amount of data for the processing and configuring their operations. This information has to be kept secured and protected from any external access (Spears, Barki Barton, 2013). It can be done by implying the information management and security and assurance. Elements of Strategic planning for Information management, security and assurance The elements of information management and security assurance are security policies, designing of the database, accountability and behavior (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). These elements would help in forming strategic plans for the information management and security assurance. Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence systems Knowledge Management is the process of managing the information on a knowledge based system (Brodie Mylopoulos, 2012). The knowledge based system helps in managing the information. The conceptual knowledge of the knowledge based system would be helpful in forming and processing of the Artificial Intelligence concepts. The Artificial Intelligence system is the development of technology for realizing a system that is capable of thinking and learning just like humans (Cohen Feigenbaum, 2014). The system is based on knowledge gained from over the years of technological development. The knowledge management would show the extent of the knowledge governance for the artificial intelligence. Elements of the planning process, common management and governance Elements of management of Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system The elements of knowledge management are document storage, discovery, messaging and knowhow. These elements would help in forming management of the knowledge information. The elements of artificial intelligence are knowledge representation, inference methods, production system, ontology and hypothesis. The elements are used for forming the synthesis of the information about the artificial intelligence (Chandrasegaran et al. 2013). Role of Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system in governance Knowledge management has helped in developing a systematic approach for the management of the knowledge based information of their operations. The information of the government database like tax returns or income statement can be managed by the use of knowledge management information system. The government had implemented the process of the surveillance using the artificial intelligence in their operations. The artificial intelligence has helped the government with the decision making process. The logical reasoning and human intelligence in the developed system has helped the government for making better decisions (Wilensky, 2015). Elements of Strategic planning of Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence system The elements of strategic planning are designing research, searching, feasibility, and preferability (Lundquist Trippl, 2013). These elements have helped in forming the management of the knowledge about the artificial intelligence. The knowledge management comprises of elements like classification, storage, software, raw data, and type of data (Chang, Manohar Wilhm, 2014). References Brodie, M. L., Mylopoulos, J. (Eds.). (2012).On knowledge base management systems: integrating artificial intelligence and database technologies. Springer Science Business Media. Chandrasegaran, S. K., Ramani, K., Sriram, R. D., HorvTh, I., Bernard, A., Harik, R. F., Gao, W. (2013). The evolution, challenges, and future of knowledge representation in product design systems. Computer-aided design, 45(2), 204-228. Chang, K., Manohar, N. D., Wilhm, R. K. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,712,965. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Cohen, P. R., Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Han, J., Pei, J., Kamber, M. (2011). Data mining: concepts and techniques. Elsevier. Joseph, M. V. (2013). Significance of data warehousing and data mining in business applications.International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN, 2231-2307. Khan, A., Ehsan, N., Mirza, E., Sarwar, S. Z. (2012). Integration between customer relationship management (CRM) and data warehousing.Procedia Technology,1, 239-249. Lundquist, K. J., Trippl, M. (2013). Distance, proximity and types of cross-border innovation systems: A conceptual analysis.Regional Studies,47(3), 450-460. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. McNurlin, B. C., Sprague, R. H., Bui, T. X. (1989).Information systems management in practice. Prentice-Hall International. Roelofs, E., Persoon, L., Nijsten, S., Wiessler, W., Dekker, A., Lambin, P. (2013). Benefits of a clinical data warehouse with data mining tools to collect data for a radiotherapy trial. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 108(1), 174-179. Ruppert, E. (2012). The governmental topologies of database devices.Theory, Culture Society, 29(4-5), 116-136. Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Spears, J. L., Barki, H., Barton, R. R. (2013). Theorizing the concept and role of assurance in Information Systems Security. Information management, 50(7), 598-605. Vucevic, D., Yaddow, W. (2012). Testing the data warehouse practicum: Assuring data content, data structures and quality. Trafford Publishing. Wilensky, H. L. (2015). Organizational intelligence: Knowledge and policy in government and industry (Vol. 19). Quid Pro Books.

Earnings Differentials for Women by Full

Introduction In the last 50 decades, there has been a huge shift in the roles of men and women as was previously defined in the traditional societal structure. Initially, women were supposed to take care of children at home, and do other house hold chores. However, this changed drastically within this period, and with policies like the affirmative action, women have gained access to the corporate world.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Earnings Differentials for Women by Full-Time or Part-Time Work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, women can do virtually anything that men do and they earn just as much as men. The stigmatization has completely died down and the society has come to accept this new role of women. Although some societies, majorly in the Muslim world are yet to give women full liberation, many countries have liberated their women to go after their dreams to the highest limits possible. One such country is United Kingdom, which had even had a woman as their head of state. This was a sign that the limits that were put for women were completely brought down. In their different professions, women earn differently based on a number of factors. Holbrook (2003, p. 45), in his work titled allure of 100 hours a week, says that there is a new crop of women coming up with new zeal to their different professions. When women decided to storm into what was initially a preserve for men, men felt threatened and thought that they would be displaced by these women who, by look of things, were as good in performing their duties as men, but look a little more determined than men. They therefore thought that the only way to beat women in this was to work for an extended period after the normal period in order to be at the top when the pay day comes. This was done bearing in mind that women would be forced to leave for home by five in the evening, specifically because of the need to take care of the children who were left at home. However, this new crop of women has proven beyond reasonable doubt that they are willing to do anything just to ensure that they earn good money.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper seeks to analyze earning differentials for women by full time or part time work. Rationale For a long time, the issue of earnings has raised a lot of heat among different individuals in different places. Labor laws have been developed as a way of regulating they pay of employees to ensure that they do not demand for too much than they can be given by their employers, and that the employers do not give too minimal salaries than should be expected. This ensures a tradeoff between the two. However, because some employees work on full time, while others work on part time basis, there results in earning differentials between the two groups. This st udy seeks to analyze this difference to ascertain the reason behind this and which of the two groups earn better. This study would therefore help explain the reason why many female workers are currently going for part time jobs and not full time. It would help bring out the reasons behind the current popularity of part timers at many of the firms within various cities in the United Kingdom and other developed countries. It would also help explain who stands to benefit between the employer and the employee in the two outfits. Research questions and hypothesis Flint, Woodruff, and Fisher (2002, p. 67) say that a good research should be pegged on one or two specific questions that the researcher seeks to find their answers. This scholar says that research is like a sea of knowledge which is as interesting as they are useful. Getting into a research process without a clear research question would be very dangerous because the researcher would meet many interesting information, most of w hich are irrelevant to the research but appear important all the same. In such a case, the researcher may be tempted to explore such irrelevant information, making him or her drift away from the main focus of the research. In this study, the researcher developed some questions that would help in maintaining the focus of this research.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Earnings Differentials for Women by Full-Time or Part-Time Work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How much, on average, do a full time female worker earn in United Kingdom? How much, on average, do a part time female worker earn in United Kingdom? Which of the two groups earn higher and why? The above questions would lead us to three hypotheses that the researcher would be confirming or rejecting in the dissertation of this proposal. The hypotheses are as below: H10. Full time female workers do not earn more than part time female workers in Unite d Kingdom H1a. Full time female workers earn more than part time female workers in United Kingdom. H20. There is no comparable difference in earnings of female full time and part time workers in the United Kingdom H2a. There is comparable difference in earnings of female full time and part time workers in the United Kingdom The above hypothesis would help reach out for the desired conclusion in the research dissertation. Scope The purpose of a research is always to help further information available in a given field. A research would always be useful to various individuals in various categories.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In every research, it would therefore be appropriate that the researcher categorically states the scope of his work in order to help guide users of the paper (Kotler, Keller, Brady, Goodman, Hansen 2009, p. 78). The scope would help such users determine relevance of the paper to his or her field or scenario. This research would be conducted in various cities in United Kingdom. Therefore, it would only be applicable to this setting or a setting in any other nation with a setting that bears resemblance to that of United Kingdom. Our scope was also limited to women, and therefore it may not be appropriate for use in case the other gender in involved Literature Review Issues concerning pay have elicited debate from various quarters. Many scholars have therefore come forth to research on various pay related issues in order to ascertain factors that play off in the process of compensation of workers for their labor input. As Cunningham (2000, p. 36) reports, the cost of living has skyroc keted over the few past years. United Kingdom is one of the nations with the highest cost of living in the world. Because of this, employees have had to demand for a higher pay in order to cater for the extended cost of living. Because many firms may not be able to compensate for the amount of money that an employee would demand, there has been a new trend of workers who prefer working in multiple places in order to earn livelihood. This has seen the number of part time workers increase (Gilbert 2001, p.75). As this scholar notes, in such cases, an employee would be in position to work in more than one place. Cohen, Minion and Morrison (2000, p. 92) agree with this scholar. He says that currently, many employees prefer to work on a part time basis. This would allow them to work in two or more different places, hence earn enough money to cater for increased expenses. The category of workers who prefer these part time jobs are relatively younger. Briggs (1986, p. 94), referring to thi s group as the young and the restless, says that part time jobs offer them job satisfaction. According to him, these youngsters cannot withstand the idea of having to work at the same place over the years. They prefer to move from one job to other always meeting new challenges in their various assignments. According to Bailey (1996, p. 71) the older generation differs from this younger one in various aspects. The older generation looks for assurance. They want to be assured that their work is secure and that under no circumstance would they be laid off unless they are compensated for this. They therefore go for permanent and pensionable jobs under full time basis. The two groups differ in what they are looking for in life. According to Adam and Healy (2000, 58), as the older generation look for job assurance, the younger individuals want fun and challenges in their duties. Because of this, they would prefer different job settings. Ahmed and Rafiq (2002, 19) say that the two groups w ould earn differently based on different parameters. An employee who works on a full time basis is likely to get promotions at a faster rate than the one on a part time basis. These promotions come with increased allowances and the basic pay. As such, an employee who is on a full time basis would earn more than a fellow employee who is working under part time basis in the same firm. However, a full time employee would be tied to the job the whole day and may not be in a position to work in other places. On the contrary, an employee who is on a part time basis can work in to or more other places. Such an employee may end up carrying a larger amount of money home, because from each employer, there is the least amount stated by the law that he or she must get. Andreson, Narus, and Rossum (2010, p. 104) however, do not agree with this notion. They say that an employee who works full time has a better chance of raising the firm leadership ladder hence advancing the career. As such, their earning would be way beyond part time worker, even if such a worker were to get more than two employers. As Atkinson (1990, p. 59) says, because the society has changed and women are determined to be their families breadwinners, they find themselves in the above two categories. This scholar says that younger women would prefer part time jobs as opposed to full time jobs. They have their families to take care of and other obligations. As such, they need jobs that would earn them as much money as would be possible yet gives them time to meet other obligations.. Research Methods This chapter focuses on various aspects of research development. It includes methods of data collection, analysis and presentation. Every research project applies a certain research method to achieve its objectives depending on its goals. The methods used to conduct research in this project compared closely with the methods proposed in the project proposal (Barnes, Blake, Pinder 2009, p. 78) In research, desi gn deals primarily with aims, uses, purposes, intentions, and plans within the practical constraints of time, location, money, and availability of staff (Best 2009, p. 57). In this study, respondents will be briefed in advance. The officials of various identified firms will be given relevant notice by the researcher. The study population will also be amicably informed in order to get prepared for the study. Briefing is important because it would enhance reliability of the study. It is also ethical to inform people before researching on them. The findings would also made public to the researched as one way of ensuring morality in the study. Furthermore, the researcher will observe researcher-researcher ethics by keeping away from criticism. The response rate is expected to be high because the researcher will insist that the study is meant for purely academic purposes. This is expected to encourage many of the respondents to fill in their questionnairs. Research Model This research wo uld utilize quantitative research methods in conducting the study and collecting data (Frankfort-Nachmias Nachmias 1992, p. 70). Quantitative research will be used althrough because it aims at summarizing data mathematically. In this regard, the research took the form of a survey, whereby the researcher identified some individuals and posted questionnaires to them. The sampled population was selected randomly in order to eliminate biases. The researcher made follow-ups by conducting respondents on phone. Interviewing is another method of data collection that was used in this research. The researcher extracted more information from respondents by calling them. Sampling Methods The most applicable sampling method for this exercise was random sampling. Considering that the targeted population consisted of staff in the housekeeping section, there was no much risk of having biased data. If the survey needed to cover the entire staff of the identified firms, systematic sampling coupled w ith stratified sampling would be ideal to ensure cross-departmental representation. However, this survey targeted a section of the staff hence random sampling proved sufficient to collect required data. Secondary Data Used Secondary data for analysis in this project came from various publications. These included reports, journal articles and research publications. Most of it related to the work that other researchers in the field of motivation undertook. The other areas where the literature review covered include theories of motivation and the application of performance pay in various institutions. The nature of material used varied. Journals dealing with specific aspects of motivation provided specific information on specific research elements investigated by researchers. Some reports from intergovernmental organizations proved useful in providing information on the application of performance related pay (Cukor-Avila 2000, p. 39). From these sources, several findings came to the fo re. Primary Data The online questionnaire provided the means of collecting primary data for this project. The survey would cover 15 employees working across various shifts at the identified firms in various departments. This sample is representative of the entire study population. The choice of respondents was by random sampling based on the individual’s willingness to participate. The questionnaire had a mixture of open ended and closed ended questions (Fifield 2007, 50). This design enabled the study to provide as much detail as possible while eliminating the risk of high variance in responses. The administration of the questionnaires took place online because of varying working hours. In addition, it eased access to the questionnaire. After filing in the soft copy, respondents sent it to a designated email address. This measure resulted to reduced costs transport and accommodation. The expenses could be occasioned by physical administration of questionnaires. Moreover, it saved research time because it was easy to transfer the information from a soft copy to the analysis software because the findings were analyzed using a software referred to as SPSS. Finally, it did not generate any paper waste hence contributing to environmental conservation. Validity and Reliability Reliability means appropriateness, applicability and truthfulness of a study. It is the ability of research instruments to produce results that are in agreement with theoretical and conceptual values. In this study, internal validity was ensured through checking the represenativeness of the sample. The researcher ensured that the sample used captured all important characters in the entire stdudy population (Dubois, Jolibert, Muhlbacher 2007, p. 79). External validity was ensured through triangulation that is, the researcher used more than one technique in collecting data. External validity was also guaranteed by asking respondents to give their views. Reliability means that the study is consistent and lacks any ambiquity. It is related to the accuracy of instruments that is, how accurate the measuring device is in measuring what it claims to measure. In this study, it was achieved through increasing verifiability of the perspective. The researcher adopted the principles of coherence, opennes and discourse in order to guarantee reliability. Access The research would take place in three cities in United Kingdom: London, Manchester and Liverpool. The researcher intends to identify two firms in each city where our research would be based. In the identified firms, the researcher intends to have two groups of respondents who would be sampled for the research process. As Edkins and Maja (2009, p. 78) note, at times it may not be easy to reach out for the respondents that are required for a given research. They may be too busy to participate on the research or just unwilling to participate in it for one reason or the other. Having taken this in mind, the researcher ensu red that all the participants that were needed for this research were appropriately involved to ensure reliability. The researcher would seek permission from the identified firms’ authorities and then approach the respondents as individuals. As explained above, the researcher intends to explain to them the purpose of this study and assure them confidentiality in their work (Eggert Ulaga 2002, p. 83). Through this, the researcher aims to gain access to all participants that would be needed in this research. This would help in ensuring that the data collected would be a representation of the entire population. List of References Adam, F Healy, M 2000, A Practical Guide to Postgraduate Research. Blackhall Publishing, Dublin. Ahmed, K Rafiq, M 2002, Internal Marketing tools and concepts for customer-focused management, Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier, Oxford. Andreson, JC, Narus, AJ Rossum, W 2010, â€Å"Customer Value Propositions in Business Markets†, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 1, no. 3, pp 91-99. Atkinson, P 1990, The Ethnographic Imagination: Textual Constructions of Reality Routledge, London. Bailey, A 1996, A Guide to Field Research, California, Forge Press, Pine. Balnaves, M Caputi, P 2001, Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach, Sage Publications, London. Barnes, C, Blake, H Pinder, D 2009, Creating Delivering your Value Proposition, Kogan Page, London. Best, RJ 2009, Market-Based Management Strategies for Growing Customer value and Profitability, New Jersey, Pearson. Briggs, C 1986, Learning How to Ask: A Sociolinguistic Appraisal of the Role of the Interview in Social Science Research, CUP, Cambridge. Bryman, A 2001,Social Research Methods, OUP, Oxford. Cohen, L Minion, L Morrison, K 2000, Research Methods in Education (5th Edition) GB, Routledge, Falmer. Cukor-Avila, P 2000, Rethinking the Observer’s Paradox, American Speech, 75/3, 253-4. Cunningham, B 2000, The stress management sourceboo k, Free Press, Los Angeles. Dubois, P, Jolibert, A Muhlbacher, H, 2007, Marketing Management A Value-Creation Process, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. Edkins, J Maja, Z 2009, Global Politics: a New Introduction Routledge London. Eggert, A Ulaga, W 2002, â€Å"Customer-perceived value: a substitute for satisfaction in business markets?† Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Vol. 17, no. 2, pp 107-125. Fifield, P 2007, Marketing Strategy: The Difference between Marketing and Markets, Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Flint, DJ, Woodruff, RB Fisher, GS, 2002, â€Å"Exploring the phenomenon of customers’ desired value change in a business-to-business context†, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66 no. 4, pp 102-117. Frankfort-Nachmias, C Nachmias, D 1992, Research Methods in the Social Sciences, Edward Arnold, London. Gilbert, N 2001, Researching Social Life, Sage, London. Holbrook, MB 2003, Customer value and auto ethnography: subjective personal introspec tion and the meanings of a photograph collection, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58, no. 1, pp 45 – 61. Kotler, P, Keller, KL, Brady, M, Goodman, M Hansen, T 2009, Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Harlow. This proposal on Earnings Differentials for Women by Full-Time or Part-Time Work was written and submitted by user Emelia H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Chinese Women

How has the issue of gender superiority evolved in China? The existence of women throughout China’s history was that of total inferiority. As the Chinese society developed women became subordinate to men. Even when death comes, this lesser position was brought out in the discoveries of ancient graves. They showed the wife’s corpse in a bowing position towards her husband. However, the social stature of women in China has grown tremendously compared to 20,000 years ago. In 1949, the Communist government took over China. One of the Communist party’s principles was that of equality for women. This was a big change for the women of China. For the most part, women are given equal rights with men. Especially in large cities. However, this doesn’t apply to 100% of Chinese women. In many areas in China, women are still looked upon as inferior to men. Therefore, the struggle for equality and the end to sex discrimination continues. Since the year 221 BC, the philosophy of China has always been male dominance over women. In the 5th century BC, Chinese philosopher Confucius set three rules for women to follow. The first was â€Å"obedience to the father before marriage, obedience to the husband after marriage, and obedience to the son after the death of the husband.† (Tan p. 11) Chinese history has been traced as far back as 500,000 years ago. However, China has a 4,000 year recorded history. The Chinese lived along the Yellow River 7,000 years ago. They were hunter-gatherers and evidence shows that the society was matriarchal. â€Å"Decent was traced through the women and men lived in the homes of their wives.† (Tan p. 12) Women were respected and all of the children took their mothers’ maiden name. When the Xin dynasty began (2100-1600 BC), attitudes towards women started to change. As society became more stable, the ill treatment of women increased. Men started to take control of the family instead of the women... Free Essays on Chinese Women Free Essays on Chinese Women How has the issue of gender superiority evolved in China? The existence of women throughout China’s history was that of total inferiority. As the Chinese society developed women became subordinate to men. Even when death comes, this lesser position was brought out in the discoveries of ancient graves. They showed the wife’s corpse in a bowing position towards her husband. However, the social stature of women in China has grown tremendously compared to 20,000 years ago. In 1949, the Communist government took over China. One of the Communist party’s principles was that of equality for women. This was a big change for the women of China. For the most part, women are given equal rights with men. Especially in large cities. However, this doesn’t apply to 100% of Chinese women. In many areas in China, women are still looked upon as inferior to men. Therefore, the struggle for equality and the end to sex discrimination continues. Since the year 221 BC, the philosophy of China has always been male dominance over women. In the 5th century BC, Chinese philosopher Confucius set three rules for women to follow. The first was â€Å"obedience to the father before marriage, obedience to the husband after marriage, and obedience to the son after the death of the husband.† (Tan p. 11) Chinese history has been traced as far back as 500,000 years ago. However, China has a 4,000 year recorded history. The Chinese lived along the Yellow River 7,000 years ago. They were hunter-gatherers and evidence shows that the society was matriarchal. â€Å"Decent was traced through the women and men lived in the homes of their wives.† (Tan p. 12) Women were respected and all of the children took their mothers’ maiden name. When the Xin dynasty began (2100-1600 BC), attitudes towards women started to change. As society became more stable, the ill treatment of women increased. Men started to take control of the family instead of the women...

Homeland Security Preparedness Model Research Paper

Homeland Security Preparedness Model - Research Paper Example Homeland Security Preparedness Model The Steering Committee including the Managing Director, the Chief Security Officer and the Chief HSE Officer will design and lay down the plan. And will review the plan and its implementation annually so as to identify any weaknesses in the plan, or control weaknesses in the implementation of the plan and take immediate steps to change them. The Safety Officer will, on a random basis, quiz staff members concerning the Emergency Preparedness Plan and their roles in any drill. This process serves as a source of feedback, which the Safety Officer can use for evaluation of the overall effectiveness of the program. First and the foremost step of the prepared plan are to conduct a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis. Evaluate every possible event in each of the three categories of probability, risk, and preparedness. Add additional events as necessary. A Hazards Vulnerability Analysis can be conducted on need to need basis, and by the committee made for this purpose by the steering committee. Th e report and findings of the analysis shall be submitted to and discussed with the steering committee on monthly basis, until the analysis is final and final report is presented to the steering committee. The Hazards Vulnerability Analysis assists the organization in determining to which hazards it is most vulnerable and to which it is least vulnerable.The inventories prone to catching fire shall be kept in the room where fire detection, protection and extinguishing controls are the most effective and efficient. Communication Channels: Following are the ways in which the employees will be warned and communicated of the hazards or emergency situations: 1. Alarms: The alarm will ring continuously for 2 minutes and then with varying pitch for 5 more minutes. 2. Loud Speakers: Announcements to be made in the speaking language of the employees as well as in the local language so as to facilitate the non-executive staff. Staff Trainings : Employees must know what to do at the time of emer gency, to ensure that this happens, following trainings must be conducted: a. The general overview of the plan, so that the employees know what is in the plan, what actually is a disaster / emergency and how to proceed step by step at the time of a disaster or emergency. Must be conduct once annually and can be conducted half yearly too. b. The training to understand the evacuation and drills,

Reward schemes tend to be the most effective way of promoting and Essay

Reward schemes tend to be the most effective way of promoting and achieving the aims of Ecotourism, Discuss - Essay Example Consequently, it is fundamental to agree on the most suitable ecotourism strategies and approaches. Ecotourism Ecotourism involves visiting pristine, fragile and natural areas that are not distorted by humans. Ecotourism is small scale and has low environmental impacts compared to mainstream commercial tourism. It also involves responsible travelling to natural sites with an aim of preserving the surroundings and improving the welfare of the local people residing in such areas. The main purposes of ecotourism in to volunteer, learn and personal growth of the participants (United Nations Environmental Program 2011, p. 1). Additionally, it minimises the negative environmental impacts that mainstream tourism causes. It also promotes the cultural integrity of the local people. The participants in the ecotourism industry participate in recycling, conserving water, saving energy besides creating economic opportunities for the local people (Kotas 2009, p. 53). Ecotourism existed because of the prevailing problems in the tourism industry. The interest in ecotourism is the need to conserve wildlife facing extinction. There have been increased cases of invasion of natural habitats for agricultural purposes, fishing, logging and hunting. Although many countries have officially reserved areas for conservation, they lack enough funds for protecting and managing them. Consequently, several destructive activities are happening in these areas. Consequently, ecotourism is interested in restoring the values and the genetic reservoirs of vital biological resources (Buhalis 2002, p. 1). Reward scheme A reward scheme is an arrangement that an organisation provides to clients and other stakeholders in its industry aimed at encouraging them to appreciate and take part in activities that improves their welfare and community members. The focus of any reward scheme is to prioritise initiatives for customer care, initiate corporate social responsibility and strengthen communication strat egies. Principles of reward schemes A reward scheme is hard to design and run because of the many challenges that characterise its execution. The challenges include the difficulty in getting tourists to sign up and join the scheme. It is also not easy to change the behavior of tourists towards this scheme because they focus on pleasure. However, it is necessary that an organisation follow several principles to ensure the creation of a comprehensive reward scheme. Organisations reward their clients differently based on the nature of clients and the organisation (Barbera & Dutta, 2008, p. 59). The initial standard is to ensure that the rewards currency is relevant to the organisation. An organisation must ensure that the rewards are directly linked to products and services. The perspective of the tourists must be the key driving force in such a situation. The second principle is to communicate the burn instead of the earned. One of the objectives of a reward scheme is to ensure that t ourists acquire points as they purchase the products and enjoy the services of their host organisation. These points are exchanged with rewards. Most tourists are not always aware of the exact worthiness the points earned. They are only concerned with the benefits from the points. This means that communication plays a fundamental role when distinguishing and empowering the tourists (Fennel2007, p. 93). An organisation can achieve

Report on TETRA Technology in 5 Questions Essay

Report on TETRA Technology in 5 Questions - Essay Example (Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999; ET Industries, n.d.) â€Å"TETRA offers the automatic operation and frequency efficiency of trunking combined with the terminal autonomy of a conventional PMR1. TETRA has a multi-mode capability by combining these two modes, trunking and direct (conventional), into a single terminal equipment, and it also provides the standardised way of inter-working between these two modes.† (Net Resources International, 2011) TETRA is thus designed to provide bandwidth-on-demand by which a variable quantity of bandwidth can be allocated for the call duration as per the application conditions set. TETRA functions through reference points and functional configurations, and flexibility of standards is maintained inside the network environment. (Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999) TETRA has wide spectrum utilities and it is perhaps best suited to establish critical mobile radio networks capable to handle emergencies. Who use it and why is it used? The technical spec ifications provided by TETRA are actually guided by a comprehensive set of end user necessities. As a result â€Å"most of the potential user groups of this network technology have been identified from the inception of the standard. Communication features such as group call, Direct Mode Operation, and numerous emergency-oriented supplementary services are all driven by end user demands during the standardisation process.† (Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999) In such a state of affair, TETRA has scope for both the individual users and a wide variety of user groups. TETRA user groups are described below: Table – 1: TETRA User Groups Source: Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999, p. 162 Inclusion of so many user groups in the TETRA networking realm proves that TETRA is extremely useful, flexible and dynamic. The main reason of popularity and diverse usability of TETRA is its multiple application support. â€Å"TETRA supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications bot h through the TETRA infrastructure and by use of direct mode without infrastructure.† (Net Resources International, 2011) To this extent TETRA can use applications like Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) too. For non-voice applications, the major application types of TETRA are video and multimedia application and data-oriented application. Moreover, it is interoperable with GSM, CDMA, UMTS, etc. network architectures. (Plans, Paradells and Gomez, 2006) What are the TETRA components systems? â€Å"Most system descriptions are based on a conceptual representation of functional configurations and reference points, which is a widely adopted methodology of describing the interconnections of components within a network system.† (Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999, p. 161) Using this approach, it becomes essential to understand the interfaces in the TETRA standard. These interfaces through which TETRA components systems inter-communicate are described below: Figure – 1: In terfaces in the TETRA Standard Source: Bekkers, 2001, p. 382 Moreover, the standards for TETRA are related only with the peripheral environment of a TETRA system, referred to in the standardisation guide as Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI). Figure – 2: Functional Network Configuration of a TETRA SwMI Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999, p. 164 With the help of the above network configuration diagram, we can find out six principle TETRA

Nano Reinforced Filaments for Additive Manufacturing

Nano Reinforced Filaments for Additive Manufacturing Nomenclature: Summary: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a popular technique for Additive Manufacturing (AM). FDM is used for fabrication of thermoplastic parts used for rapid prototyping with advantages like low cost and minimal material wastage. The objective of this project report is to understand different properties of reinforced extruded polymer filaments. The process includes the mixing of carbon nanotubes with polymer filament such as PLA and investigating different properties i.e. mechanical properties and use these new filaments for FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) machines. CNT blended polymers are lighter but stronger materials then typical PLA. This new material has outstanding mechanical properties which includes extreme tensile strength and Youngs modulus. The blending of CNT with PLA is shown in this report through microscopy. The experiment includes PLA with different composition i.e. simple PLA,0.1% CNT,0.2% CNT,0.5%CNT and 1%CNT. The tables show the relationship between shear rate and shear viscosity of materials with different compositions achieved through rheology. The rheological behaviour of CNT composite melt was also examined at two different temperatures i.e. 190 °c and 195 °c. The graph represents the This report is going to present the results achieved by MFI (Melt Flow Index) and Rheology to see if the material is stronger than any typical polymer, so that it can be used for Additive Manufacturing. The technology of Additive Manufacturing (AM) is rapidly emerging as alternative to conventional manufacturing techniques. Industry is increasingly looking at it as a means of producing finished articles rather than simply for prototyping. One of the main AM techniques is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in which a polymer filament is melted and progressively extruded to create a 3D plastic part. AT present a relatively small number of polymers may be successfully used with conventional FDM machines and this is limiting the ability of the process to expand into new markets. 1.1. Additive Manufacturing: Additive manufacturing (AM) is the name given to a group of emerging technologies that create objects from the bottom-up by adding material one cross-sectional layer at a time. [[i]] A three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape can be manufactured from a digital model. The adaptation of such a technology will result in engineers having to invest less time dealing with manufacturing constrains and will give them almost unlimited design freedom. However, up to now, despite all positive aspects, no single 3D printer has been able to print using different materials. Additionally, while various materials can be used in AM, their material properties, such as strength, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity typically have inferior properties compared with conventionally manufactured counterparts due to the anisotropy caused by the layer-by-layer approach. Many studies have reported on the incorporation of nanoparticles for the creation of new printing materials for AM. Metal nanoparticles [ii]], Nano-sized carbon black powder [iii]], carbon nanotubesand ceramic nanoparticles have been used in the past. Manufacturers across different industries are utilizing this digital manufacturing procedure to create a range of items, including: motor parts for car applications, impellers and blades for aviation use, design less sand moulds for pumps utilized as a part of the oil and energy industry, and medical prosthetics which require effectively versatile design adjustments. 1.2. Carbon Nano-Tubes: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) take the form of tube shaped carbon atoms and have novel properties that make them potentially valuable in a wide variety of utilizations in nanotechnology, hardware, optics, and different fields of materials science. They show exceptional quality and one of a kind electrical properties, and are good conductors. Inorganic nanotubes have also been combined. Manufacturing a nanotube is subject to applied quantum science, particularly, orbital hybridization. Nanotubes are composed altogether out of sp2 bonds, like those of graphite. This holding structure, stronger than the sp3 bonds found in diamond, gives the atoms their exceptional quality. Nanotubes adjust themselves into ropes held together by Van der Waals forces. Under extreme pressure, nanotubes can combine, exchanging some sp2 bonds for sp3 bonds, giving incredible probability for creating solid, unlimited-length wires through high-weight nanotube association. [iv] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a tube-shaped nanostructure. Nanotubes have been developed with length-to-distance across proportion of up to 132,000,000:1, fundamentally bigger than for any other material. These round and hollow carbon atoms have abnormal properties, which are invaluable for nanotechnology, gadgets, optics and different fields of materials science and innovation. Specifically, owing to their unprecedented thermal conductivity and mechanical and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes find applications as added substances to various structural materials. For example, nanotubes form a tiny bit of the material(s) in a few (basically carbon fibre), golf clubs, or auto parts. [v] Nanotubes are classified as single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs). Singular nanotubes normally adjust themselves into ropes held together by van der Waals strengths, more particularly, pi-stacking. The theoretical concentration of carbon nanotubes required to reach the electrical percolation threshold for a CNT/Polymer composite can be obtained, as a first step, using the power law: where à Ã†â€™ is the electrical conductivity, à Ã¢â‚¬   is the MWCNT volume concentration in the nanocomposite, is the critical MWCNT volume concentration at electrical percolation, and ÃŽÂ ± is a critical exponent. [vi] The aim of this project is to investigate the use of carbon-nanotubes (CVTs) as a reinforcement in the extruded polymer filaments used in FDM. The intention is to create a new polymer nanocomposite blends that will enable parts produced by FDM to have wider ranges of properties. CNTs have the potential to significantly enhance mechanical properties without significantly increasing the viscosity of the polymer melt and the ease of production of filament and its performance in FDM. Objectives: The primary objective is to find the MFI (Melt Flow Index), the rheological properties of different CNT compositions. The MFI and Rheology tests should show the melt flow index, viscosity and shear rate. With the help of the these tests the viscoelastic properties can determine the mechanical performance of the final products. The results will show how adding carbon Nano-tubes in thermoplastics can change its mechanical properties like tensile strength, yield strength and youngs modulus. 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is any of different processes for making a three-dimensional object of any shape from a 3D display or other electronic information source fundamentally through additive processes in which progressive layers of material are set down under PC control. Early AM hardware and materials were created in the 1980s. In 1984, a procedure created known as stereo lithography employing UV lasers to cure photopolymers by Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corp. Hull created the STL file format, which is widely acknowledged by 3D printing programming. Metal sintering types of Additive Manufacturing were being created, (for example, specific laser sintering and coordinate metal laser sintering), although they were not yet called 3D printing during 1980s. In 1990, the plastic extrusion innovation most broadly connected with the expression 3D printing was marketed by Stratasys under the name Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). [vii] Originally created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993. 3D printing innovation frames the basis of Z Corporations prototyping procedure. 3D physical models are created by 3DP technology by setting layers of powder deposition utilizing a fluid binder. 3DP technology is versatile and fast processing geometry of extreme complexities in numerous applications, which support different types of material. Z Corp. pioneered the 3DP innovation creating 3D printers that manufacturers use to introduce early concept models and prototypes. Using 3DP innovation, Z Corp. has created 3D printers that work at extraordinary rates, amazingly low expenses, and inside an expansive scope of uses. Additive Manufacturing innovations discovered applications beginning in the 1980s in product improvement, information representation, manufacturing and rapid prototyping Their expansion into generation (job production, large scale manufacturing, and manufacturing) has been being worked on in the decades since. Modern production roles within the metalworking businesses accomplished noteworthy scale without precedent for the early 2010s. [viii] Besides all the advantages of Additive Manufacturing, it has also some disadvantages which includes its slow building rates as printers lay down material at speed of one to five cubic metre per second, parts can only be printed one at a time which can prevent economics of scale and higher production costs. [ix] Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a technology which is based on layers of strands of semi molten thermoplastics placed on top of each other in a 3-dimentional shape. FDM is a developing technology which is currently used in rapid prototyping and manufacturing. FDM is commonly known as an additive process, which is made by expelling material into layers which are controlled by a PC to form the final shape. Some FDM machines permit the client to control different parts of the layering procedure, for example, layer thickness, air hole between extrusions, angles of contour, and extrusion width. These straightforwardly affect the last shapes mass, thickness, quality, solidness and penetrability. [x] AM is creating to meet the demands for sturdy new parts, which need to comply with specific mechanical and design requirement. Along thermal properties, new printing materials must have appropriate rheological and thermal properties to be ready to be extruded and solidify while keeping up the exactness of successive layers. The utilization of polymers in additive manufacturing are represented by the transition of glass temperature, malt viscosity, heat capacity and the shear stress of the material. Understanding the relationship between the basic properties will help in the improvement of advanced printing materials and filaments. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is the temperature beneath which the polymer gets to be weak and hard like glass. The glass transition temperature is not the melting point, that is characterized by the temperature at which crystalline or semi-crystalline polymers transform from its crystal structure to its liquid state. Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and low toxicity thermoplastic which is made up of lactide or lactic acid monomers. Poly (vinyl acetate) PVA is also a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer which is synthesized by the hydrolysis poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) because of tits instability of vinyl alcohol monomer. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is polymerized from caprolactone monomer. PCL is hydrophobic in nature and is soluble in chloroform, which biodegrades in the presence of microorganisms. [xi] Figure 1: PLA, PVA and PCL [xii] 3DXTech is a company that provides filaments containing carbon nanotubes. Their 3DXNano  ESD ABS filaments (containing MWCNTs) are available with diameters of 1.75 mm and  2.85 mm. The filament is tailored toward applications that require electrostatic discharge  (ESD). The filament is produced using MG-94 Premium ABS and mixed with MWCNTs, and  process/dispersion modifiers. Nanocyl are one of the worldwide leading experts in CNT based materials, producing research  and industry grade carbon nanotubes. One of their product lines, PLASTICYLà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, is a collection  of carbon nanotubes, thermoplastic concentrates for applications requiring electrical conductivity  with good mechanical properties. Current Progress of their Polymer Composites and are available in a diverse range of thermoplastic resins, including PC, PP, PA, PET, HDPE, and others. Although these enhanced thermoplastics were not specifically aimed at the FDM sector, they have a formulation that makes them applicable, subject to the temperature range of the extruder. PLASTICYLà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ can be used in many applications and a surface resistivity range of 1-1012 ÃŽÂ ©, and the typical loading for static dissipative applications are around 2-3% of CNTs in the final compound. [xiii] A table shows some of the commercially available carbon nanotube based materials. Table 1: Companies that provide filaments and pellets containing carbon nanotubes. Company Product 3DXTech 3DXNanoà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ ESD ABS + Carbon Nanotube Filament 3DXNanoà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ ESD PETG + Carbon Nanotube Filament Functionalize F-Electric Functionalize F-Electric filament (PLA Carbon Nanotube) Filabot MWCNT1 Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Pellets Cheap Tubes Inc. Carbon Nanotube Masterbatches CNT-ABS-10 Nanocyl PLASTICYLà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ ABS 1501* PLASTICYLà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ HIPS 1001 PLASTICYLà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ PC 1501 PLASTICYLà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ PP 2001 Design of Experiment: As it can be understood, the strength of polymer composites is improved due to the amount of carbon nanotubes added in with PLA. For this research, different compositions of CNT polymer are tested at two temperatures i.e. 190 °C and 195 °C. The set of experiments decided for this research were MFI (Melt Flow Index), Rheology and Microscopy. MFI (Melt Flow Index): ISO 1133-1:2011 governs the procedure for the measurement of the melt flow rate. [xiv]] MFI (Melt Flow Index) is a measure of the ease of the melt flow of thermoplastic polymers. It is defined as mass of polymer, in grams, which is flowing through a tube of specific diameter and length by a pressure applied via specific weight. (A.V. Shenoy D, R. Saini 1986). It is an indirect method of measuring molecular weight, with respect to melt flow. MFI is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the melted polymer, [xv]] as the viscosity depends on the specific weight applied. In this test granules of the specimens are packed into a barrel at the bottom of which there is a 2.0955mm diameter 8mm long die. The polymer is heated for a specific period and then the amount, which flows through the die during a specifies time and under a specific mass, is measured. Melt Flow rate used for PLA and CNT are measured at 190 °C and 195 °C. MFI test is a single point test, which only show s a single value on shear rate vs. Viscosity graph. Rheology: The study of polymer rheology testing is to investigate how the stresses in polymers or the applied force is related to the deformation of polymer and its flow. The science of rheology itself is quite complex, however, the rheograms produced by this technique are useful in determining the effect on melt viscosity of temperature. Capillary rheometer consists of a barrel which is temperature controlled incorporating two bores of different diameters. During the polymer melt, the pressure applied through the dies is recorded. [xvi]] The understanding of polymer rheology through laboratory testing can help see the presence of liquid-like behaviour which depends on the applies load. The information collected through rheology can help optimise the material for FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling). As the melt flow depends on the viscosity of the material. The tests are performed when the polymer is going through melt phase. Microscopy: Microscopy is a field of using microscope which helps in viewing objects and areas which cannot be seen through naked eye. The analysis of microscopy provides a mean to study and characterize the micro and Nano-structural features of polymers. [xvii]] In this experiment, an optical microscope is used to observe the structure and chemical composition of CNT with PLA. Microscopy of CNT compositions are compared with simple PLA material. Because of the microscopy, the porosities and blending of polymers can be seen. The technique can be helpful in determination of the causes of failure. Methodology: Figure2: Twin Screw Haake Extruder [xviii] MFI (Melt Flow Index): After turning on the Kayeness Galaxy Melt Flow Indexer a die of 2.0955mm was dropped into the bottom of the barrel. A melt time was set up at 360 seconds and number of cuts as well. In this experiment the number of cuts were 3. Temperature was first set at 190 °C. Once the barrel reached the temperature, the granules of 0.1% CNT + PLA were poured into the barrel periodically packing with the tamping tool to remove the trapped air. Piston was placed into the barrel and a weight of 2160g was placed. In accordance with ASTM D1238-95. Note: Piston rod weighs 100g and this was taken into the account. After the program started the piston starts to drop. High polymers are required a plug to prevent run-out of the polymer during polymer melt period. After melting time was over, Run button was pressed and the extrudate was cut simultaneously across the orifice face. A timer counts the test time on the front panel; it will bleep when it is nearing the end of the melt time. As the number of cuts were 3, step 6 was repeated two more times. The extrudates obtained were then weighed and recorded for finding the value of MFI (Melt Flow Index). Once all the material was purged from the barrel, it was then cleaned with cotton swatches and bronze brush. To get the MFI value of 0.2%,0.5%,1% and 100% PLA, the procedure was repeated for every composition. Another set of values were also obtained at 195 °C by repeating the experiment. The MFI machine used for the experiment is shown below. Results: Table 1: Results from MFI (Melt Flow Index) at 190 °C Compositions Temperature ( °C) Specific Weight (g) Reading 1 (g) Reading 2 (g) Reading 3 (g) Average (g) MFI (g/10 min) [average*10] 100% PLA 190 2160 0.1163 0.1169 0.1185 0.1172 1.172 0.1% CNT+PLA 190 2160 0.1222 0.122 0.1219 0.122 1.22 0.2% CNT+PLA 190 2160 0.1196 0.123 0.1213 0.1213 1.21 0.5% CNT+PLA 190 2160 0.1181 0.1193 0.1161 0.1178 1.16 1% CNT+PLA 190 2160 0.1082 0.1082 0.109 0.1085 1.09 Table 2: Results from MFI (Melt Flow Index) at 195 °C Compositions Temperature ( °C) Specific Weight (g) Reading 1 (g) Reading 2 (g) Reading 3 (g) Average (g) MFI (g/10 min) [average*10] 0.1% CNT+PLA 195 2160 0.158 0.1622 0.1636 0.1612 1.613 0.2% CNT+PLA 195 2160 0.1708 0.167 0.1641 0.1673 1.673 0.5% CNT+PLA 195 2160 0.1534 0.1507 0.1628 0.1556 1.556 1% CNT+PLA 195 2160 0.132 0.1304 0.1322 0.1315 1.315 [i] Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 2010, ASTM International West Conshohocken,PA., Available at: (Accessed: 09/11/2016) [ii] Crane, N.B., Wilkes, J., Sachs, E. and Allen, S.M., Improving accuracy of powder-based SFF processes by metaldeposition from a nanoparticle dispersion, Rapid Prototyping J., 12, 266-274 , Available at: (Accessed: 09/11/2016). [iii] Athreya, S.R., Kalaitzidou, K. and Das, S., Processing and characterization of a carbon black-filled electricallyconductive nylon-12 nanocomposites produced by selective laser sintering. Material Science Engng. A, 527, 2637-2642, Available at: (Accessed: 09/11/2016). [iv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube, Available at: www.wikipedia.org(Accessed: 09/11/2016). [v] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube, Available at: www.wikipedia.org(Accessed: 09/11/2016). [vi] http://www.intechopen.com/books/carbon-nanotubes-current-progress-of-their-polymer-composites, Available at: www.intechopen.com (Accessed: 09/11/2016). [vii] http://www.slideshare.net/arjunrtvm/seminar-fair-report?qid=309c4d95-7e77-4f42-bb10-b747514d9a15v=b=from_search=1, Available at: www.slideshare.net(Accessed: 09/11/2016). [viii] http://www.slideshare.net/arjunrtvm/seminar-fair-report?qid=309c4d95-7e77-4f42-bb10-b747514d9a15v=b=from_search=1, Available at: www.slideshare.net(Accessed: 09/11/2016). [ix] http://compositesmanufacturingmagazine.com/2014/10/pros-cons-additive-manufacturing/2/, Available at: (Accessed: 09/11/2016). [x] httpsetd.ohiolink.edu!etd.send_fileaccession=osu1396441215disposition=inline,Available at: (Accessed: 09/11/2016). [xi] http://www.intechopen.com/books/carbon-nanotubes-currentprogress- of-their-polymer-composites, Available at: www.intechopen.com (Accessed: 09/11/2016). [xii] http://www.google.com/patents/US20130210959 (Acessed: 09/10/2016). [xiii] http://www.intechopen.com/books/carbon-nanotubes-currentprogress- of-their-polymer-composites, Available at: www.intechopen.com (Accessed: 09/11/2016). [xiv] ISO Standard, Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/44273.html (Accessed: 20/02/2017). [xv] MFI (Melt Flow Index), Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_flow_index (Accessed: 20/02/2017) [xvi] Rheology, Available at: http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2795 (Accessed: 20/02/2017). [xvii] Microscopy, Available at: http://www.intertek.com/polymers/microscopy/ (Accessed: 20/02/2017). [xviii] Extruder, Available at: http://www.rheologysolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ts_polylab_extruder_twin1.jpg (Accessed: 20/02/2017).

Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Inhumanity Exposed

Inhumanity Exposed in The Lottery The story entitled "The Lottery," written by Shirley Jackson is an intriguing and shocking parable. "The Lottery" is set in a small village on a clear summer day. Written in objective third person point of view, "The Lottery" keeps the reader in suspense as the story progresses. The story begins June 27th on a "clear and sunnyfull-summer day." From the very beginning, irony occurs in the story. The author describes the day as "clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green." To describe such a beautiful day when the ending is so ill fated, is very ironic. The villagers, all three hundred of them, gather in the square. There is a feeling of excitement and relative normalcy as the people talk of their everyday happenings. The lottery is conducted by Mr. Summers, as he is the one that directs the "civic activities" of the town. The night before the lottery, all of the families have their names placed in a black box. The day of the lottery, Mr. Summers has each head of family draw a slip of paper from the box. When each family has selected a slip, they all open the papers together. The Hutchinson's are the "winners." The process then repeats but this time, ... ...lso to show the dark side of American society and what it is capable of. This is similar to other points in history, such as: slavery, the Salem witch trials, and the extermination of the American Indians. All three of those examples involve inhumanity without the usual American apathy. Though inhumanity does exist, it is usually without active support. However in the examples mentioned before, people acted on their ordinarily latent barbarity. The Holocaust is another parallel to "The Lottery." The senseless genocide of the Jewish populace is very much similar to the ridiculousness of the lottery. In essence, "The Lottery," is a mirror of the human subconscious.

Hong Kong International Airport Is the Main Airport in Hong Kong

Kong International Airport (HKIA) is the main airport in Hong Kong; it is an important regional trans-shipment centre, passenger hub and gateway between the Mainland China and the rest of Asia. And HKIA is the primary hub for several domestic airlines, such as Cathay Pacific Airways, Dragonair, Hong Kong Express Airways, etc. Review the history, HKIA has won seven Skytrax World Airport Awards for customer satisfaction in just ten years (Skytrax, 2010), the second busiest airport in the world in terms of cargo traffic and the 13th busiest airport worldwide in terms of passenger throughput in 2009 (Airports Council International, 2010).This is the strong evidence to proof that HKIA was entering to the World-Class International Airport and we can estimate its development effectively. In this essay, I will go to evaluate the hub airport development of the Hong Kong International Airport, also try to analyze the overall performance and the relevant statistics with other major hub airport to make the comparison and some opinions. The passenger throughput and cargo traffic in HKIA is developed in  tremendous speed in past 10 years.In view of this, the Airport Authority Hong Kong was going to build up some supporting facilities to strengthen its competitiveness, such as Terminal 2, North Satellite Terminal, SkyPier and planning to construct the third runway, etc. This is a very active operation to maintain and develop the position as a hub airport while compare with other major hub airport around the world. There are several major hub airports in Southeast Asia, like the Singapore Changi Airport and the Beijing Capital International Airport, etc.No matter what the passenger and cargo throughput, facilities, connection architecture and awards; it is competed so intensively with the HKIA. First of all, I will go to analysis the development trend of passenger throughput in the HKIA. In the early of 2000’s, the operation of HKIA was back on the train after the tra nsition period from the Kai Tak Airport. Base on the statistics, the total passenger in 2001 was 32,546,029 and ranking 17 (Airports Council International, 2002). After one year, the throughput increase 4. 1% to 33,882,463 and the ranking climb to 15 (Airports Council International, 2003).But in 2003, the passenger drop about 20% to 27,092,290 since the influence of SARS (Airports Council International, 2004). The HKIA was suffered a huge loss in this year, such as the passenger, cargo and economic, etc. Luckily, the recession has to undergo only one year, and it rise up again in the next year. In 2004, the PAX increase 25. 5% to 36,711,920 (Airports Council International, 2005), and the trend continues to increase until 2009. The other statistics which in 2005 increase 9. 7% to 40,269,847 (Airports Council International, 2006), 2006 increase 8. % to 43,857,908 (Airports Council International, 2007), 2007 increase 7. 3% to 47,042,419 (Airports Council International, 2008), 2008 incr ease 1. 7% to 47,857,746 (Airports Council International, 2009). And the trend was adjust lightly in 2009, which is decrease 5% to 45,499,604 (Airports Council International, 2010). The phenomenon was anticipated since the outbreak of H1N1 influenza made the economic slowdown in whole world. Apart from these passenger throughput data, we can analysis the HKIA was very successful as a passenger hub airport, even in Asia.Since the passenger flow was increase equably in past 10 years. And its ranking is good enough which represent the Asia hub airport. And here is the diagram to compare the PAX throughput between HKIA and Changi Airport. [pic]The above diagram shows the passenger traffic comparison between two major hub airports in Asia. Both of them are keeping the ascending trend since 2002, and the top 30 ranking. As we know that, the Singapore Changi Airport had the long term history and winning over 340 awards in a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007.Also, with  80 airlines serving 200 cities in 60 countries, Changi Airport established itself as a major aviation hub in the Asia Pacific region (Changi Airport Group, 2009). But when we look back the passenger throughput in HKIA; it was higher than Singapore Changi Airport about 6,000,000 to 8,000,000 in the past 10 years averagely. The most important is the HKIA just go though the 10 year’s history. It can prove the development of HKIA is very high-speed and prosperity. [pic] Secondly, it is the cargo traffic comparison between the HKIA and Changi Airport. The diagram shows above is the total cargo statistics from 2009 to 2009.Base on the diagram, it is no doubt to prove that the HKIA is acting the leader position in Asia, even in the World since 2002. The cargo traffic was above 2,500,000 tones from 2002, and continued to rise above 3,000,000 from 2004 and until to 2009. And the HKIA keeps the second ranking in the World's busiest airports by cargo traffic since 2002, just behind the Memphis Internation al Airport (Airports Council International, 2003~2010). When compare the cargo traffic with the other busiest cargo airports in Asia – Changi Airport. We can clearly perceive the outcome and difference.Although the history of Changi Airport is longer then HKIA, and it introduced the Air Hub Development Fund in 2003 (Net Resources International, 2010) to attract the airlines and push up the cargo traffic. But the total cargo traffic in the past 8 years was still fall behind HKIA distantly, and the gap becomes has widened in these several years. This is the best statistics to verify that the HKIA is the successful hub airport in the cargo side. Moreover, it is the new development in HKIA. It officially launched two new facilities in January 2010, which are the SkyPier and the North Satellite Concourse.For the Skypier, the temporary SkyPier was made available in 2003. It assists the movement of passengers between HKIA and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. With an extensive air network of 150 destinations,  HKIA has also served well the air transportation needs of the PRD, meeting the economic development needs of Hong Kong and contributing to Mainland's economic growth over the past three decades (HKIA Press Releases, 2010). And the AA has invested over HK$1 billion in the construction of a new North Satellite Concourse (HKIA Press Releases, 2009).It is designed to serve more than five million passengers a year at the initial stage. And ensure the same level of service for the passengers who flying on smaller aircraft (HKIA Press Releases, 2009). Refer to the Executive Director in Airport Authority Hong Kong, said, â€Å"HKIA is dedicated to providing top-notch service and facilities to enhance its competitiveness as a regional and international aviation centre. With the new satellite concourse, less than 10 flights will need to be parked at remote bays every day compared to the current 40 to 50.This means more passengers can embark or disembark their aircraft in a pleasant, weatherproof environment, sparing them the inconvenience of being exposed to hot or rainy weather† (HKIA Press Releases, 2009). The director has briefly explained the objective and function of the North Satellite Concourse. Evidently, the growth project is using to enhance service levels, pave the way to meet future demand and strengthen the connection with the PRD network. Also deepen the role and position as a hub airport around the world.In conclusion, the passenger throughput, total cargo traffic and the facilities development in HKIA has expand quickly in the past ten years. And all the relevant statistics, ranking, awards and reputation has the sustainable increase. It is the positive outcome and result to evaluate the development of the HKIA as a hub airport, also HKIA is the famous, guarantee airport for all the local and foreigner.HKIA Opens New Passenger Concourse to Enhance Service. Retrieved 20 April, 2010, from http://www. hongkongairport. com/eng/media/press-releases/pr_981. html HKIA Press Releases (2010).Airport's New SkyPier and North Satellite Concourse Officially Opened. Retrieved 20 April, 2010, from http://www. hongkongairport. com/eng/media/press-releases/pr_983. html